Neuroactive substances specifically modulate rhythmic body contractions in the nerveless metazoon Tethya wilhelma (Demospongiae, Porifera)

Additional file 1:

Time-lapse movie of Tethya wilhelma reacting upon extracorporal nicotine application The quicktime-movie Movie_S1.mov represents the time-lapse image series of the time period displayed as a contraction pattern graph in Fig. 2b. The time span of extracorporeal application of the substance is indicted in the movie as well as the elapsed time. Time-lapse 2300-fold. For more details refer to the results section of the manuscript.

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Additional file 2:

Time-lapse movie of Tethya wilhelmareacting upon extracorporal caffeine application (spasm-like contraction behaviour) The quicktime-movie Movie_S2.mov represents the time-lapse image series of the time period displayed as a contraction pattern graph in Fig. 3b. The time span of extracorporeal application of the substance is indicted in the movie as well as the elapsed time. Time-lapse 2300-fold. For more details refer to the results section of the manuscript.

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Additional file 3:

Time-lapse movie of Tethya wilhelmareacting upon extracorporal caffeine application (attenuated amplitude, local contractions) The quicktime-movie Movie_S3.mov represents the time-lapse image series of the time period displayed as a contraction pattern graph in Fig. 3c. The time span of extracorporeal application of the substance is indicted in the movie as well as the elapsed time. Shifts in perspective are a result of unintentional slight shifts of the camera during the experiment. Time-lapse 2300-fold. For more details refer to the results section of the manuscript.

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Additional file 4:

Time-lapse movie of Tethya wilhelmareacting upon extracorporal glycin application The quicktime-movie Movie_S4.mov represents the time-lapse image series of the time period displayed as a contraction pattern graph in Fig. 4b. The time span of extracorporeal application of the substance is indicted in the movie as well as the elapsed time. Time-lapse 2300-fold. For more details refer to the results section of the manuscript.

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Additional file 5:

Time-lapse movie of Tethya wilhelmareacting upon extracorporal adrenaline application The quicktime-movie Movie_S5.mov represents the time-lapse image series of the time period displayed as a contraction pattern graph in Fig. 5a. The time span of extracorporeal application of the substance is indicted in the movie as well as the elapsed time. Shifts in perspective are a result of unintentional slight shifts of the camera during the experiment. Time-lapse 2300-fold. For more details refer to the results section of the manuscript.

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Additional file 6:

Time-lapse movie of Tethya wilhelmareacting upon extracorporal nitric oxide application (via NOC-12) The quicktime-movie Movie_S6.mov represents the time-lapse image series of the time period displayed as a contraction pattern graph in Fig. 6b. The time span of extracorporeal application of the substance is indicted in the movie as well as the elapsed time. Shifts in perspective are a result of unintentional slight shifts of the camera during the experiment. Time-lapse 2300-fold. For more details refer to the results section of the manuscript.

Format: MOV Size: 5.8MB Download file

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Additional file 7:

Time-lapse movie of Tethya wilhelmareacting upon extracorporal cyclic AMP application The quicktime-movie Movie_S7.mov represents the time-lapse image series of the time period displayed as a contraction pattern graph in Fig. 7b. The time span of extracorporeal application of the substance is indicted in the movie as well as the elapsed time. Shifts in perspective are a result of unintentional slight shifts of the camera during the experiment. Time-lapse 2300-fold. For more details refer to the results section of the manuscript.

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Additional file 8:

Hypothetical signalling pathways in Tethya wilhelmainvolved in coordination of contractions upon external stimuli and endogenous signals The quicktime-movie Movie_S7.mov represents a step by step presentation of the hypothetical coordination model given in Figure 8. An external stimulus (1) at putative receptor cell (grey) in the pinacoderm triggers the release of a signal substance (2) which diffuses through the mesohyle (light blue) of the sponge and triggers the contraction (C!) of contractile pinacocytes (blue) via a specific receptor and an intracellular signalling pathway. Eventually, stimulated pinacocytes release a second signal substance (3), which may further diffuse through the mesohyle or be distributed by currents in the canal system. Such a secondary signal would amplify the reaction speed upon external and internal triggering of contraction. The endogenous contraction rhythm may be controlled by numerous trigger cells (red) distributed in the mesohyle. These cells are supposed to release an auto-/paracrine signal substance (4), which diffuses through the mesohyle to coordinate the release of a signal substance (5), which diffuses to the pinacocytes and triggers contraction and eventually results in a signal amplification like shown in step (3). Signal substances (2) and (5) are likely not identical to allow independent specific coordination of contraction upon endo- and exogenous stimuli.

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